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<title>Debugging with GDB: Environment</title>

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<a name="Environment"></a>
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<hr>
<a name="Your-Program_0027s-Environment"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.4 Your Program&rsquo;s Environment</h3>

<a name="index-environment-_0028of-your-program_0029"></a>
<p>The <em>environment</em> consists of a set of environment variables and
their values.  Environment variables conventionally record such things as
your user name, your home directory, your terminal type, and your search
path for programs to run.  Usually you set up environment variables with
the shell and they are inherited by all the other programs you run.  When
debugging, it can be useful to try running your program with a modified
environment without having to start <small>GDB</small> over again.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-path"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>path <var>directory</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Add <var>directory</var> to the front of the <code>PATH</code> environment variable
(the search path for executables) that will be passed to your program.
The value of <code>PATH</code> used by <small>GDB</small> does not change.
You may specify several directory names, separated by whitespace or by a
system-dependent separator character (&lsquo;<samp>:</samp>&rsquo; on Unix, &lsquo;<samp>;</samp>&rsquo; on
MS-DOS and MS-Windows).  If <var>directory</var> is already in the path, it
is moved to the front, so it is searched sooner.
</p>
<p>You can use the string &lsquo;<samp>$cwd</samp>&rsquo; to refer to whatever is the current
working directory at the time <small>GDB</small> searches the path.  If you
use &lsquo;<samp>.</samp>&rsquo; instead, it refers to the directory where you executed the
<code>path</code> command.  <small>GDB</small> replaces &lsquo;<samp>.</samp>&rsquo; in the
<var>directory</var> argument (with the current path) before adding
<var>directory</var> to the search path.
</p>
<a name="index-show-paths"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>show paths</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the list of search paths for executables (the <code>PATH</code>
environment variable).
</p>
<a name="index-show-environment"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>show environment <span class="roman">[</span><var>varname</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print the value of environment variable <var>varname</var> to be given to
your program when it starts.  If you do not supply <var>varname</var>,
print the names and values of all environment variables to be given to
your program.  You can abbreviate <code>environment</code> as <code>env</code>.
</p>
<a name="index-set-environment"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>set environment <var>varname</var> <span class="roman">[</span>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt>
<dd><p>Set environment variable <var>varname</var> to <var>value</var>.  The value
changes for your program (and the shell <small>GDB</small> uses to launch
it), not for <small>GDB</small> itself.  The <var>value</var> may be any string; the
values of environment variables are just strings, and any
interpretation is supplied by your program itself.  The <var>value</var>
parameter is optional; if it is eliminated, the variable is set to a
null value.
</p>
<p>For example, this command:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">set env USER = foo
</pre></div>

<p>tells the debugged program, when subsequently run, that its user is named
&lsquo;<samp>foo</samp>&rsquo;.  (The spaces around &lsquo;<samp>=</samp>&rsquo; are used for clarity here; they
are not actually required.)
</p>
<p>Note that on Unix systems, <small>GDB</small> runs your program via a shell,
which also inherits the environment set with <code>set environment</code>.
If necessary, you can avoid that by using the &lsquo;<samp>env</samp>&rsquo; program as a
wrapper instead of using <code>set environment</code>.  See <a href="Starting.html#set-exec_002dwrapper">set exec-wrapper</a>, for an example doing just that.
</p>
<a name="index-unset-environment"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>unset environment <var>varname</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Remove variable <var>varname</var> from the environment to be passed to your
program.  This is different from &lsquo;<samp>set env <var>varname</var> =</samp>&rsquo;;
<code>unset environment</code> removes the variable from the environment,
rather than assigning it an empty value.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p><em>Warning:</em> On Unix systems, <small>GDB</small> runs your program using
the shell indicated by your <code>SHELL</code> environment variable if it
exists (or <code>/bin/sh</code> if not).  If your <code>SHELL</code> variable
names a shell that runs an initialization file when started
non-interactively&mdash;such as <samp>.cshrc</samp> for C-shell, $<samp>.zshenv</samp>
for the Z shell, or the file specified in the &lsquo;<samp>BASH_ENV</samp>&rsquo;
environment variable for BASH&mdash;any variables you set in that file
affect your program.  You may wish to move setting of environment
variables to files that are only run when you sign on, such as
<samp>.login</samp> or <samp>.profile</samp>.
</p>
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